-theory asserted by german thinkers, that all the wars of the nineteenth to mid twentieth century stem fundamentally from action and reaction to French Republic and (perceived or not) aggression

-in contrast, french will call it Coalition Wars

-1795: Batavian Revolution, Peace of Basel (w/ Prussia and Spain)

-1796: Rhine Campaign (forced back), Italian Campaign (takeover of Sardinia, defeat at Milan), Vendee Rebellion crushed, troops landed in Ireland to support United Irishmen

-1797: Italian Campaign (uprisings in Italy, invasion down to Modena, takeover of Milan), Rhine Campaign (Bavaria neutralized), Batavian fleet lands at Dundee w/ Thomas Muir to support United Scotsmen

-1798: Italian Campaign (Siege of Mantua), Rhine Campaign (forced to retreat but retains right bank of rhine), Scottish Rebellion crushed

-1799: Italian Campaign (Peace w/ Tuscany breaks down and it's invaded), Rhine Campaign (austrian attacks deflected), Hoche killed and French Army flees but continued United Irishmen activity

-1800: Italian Campaign (uprising in Rome & France invades (Roman Republic), defeat at Verona), Rhine Campaign (French troops advance to Swabia), British invasion of Venezuela and Buenos Aires

-1801: Italian Campaign (Neapolitan troops, reactionary peasants destroy Roman Republic), Rhine Campaign (French troops advance to Salzburg, Austria sues for peace), British troops in Venezuela forced out, attempts to advance beyond Buenos Aires fail

-1802: Treaty of Salzburg (Peace with Austria and HRE), United Irishmen totally crushed

-1803: France-Papal Concordat

-1804: Treaty of Lille (Peace with UK)

-1805: Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, most prince-bishoprics secularized

-UK gets Menorca and Trinidad from Spain

-Mecklenburg transplanted to Westphalia, old lands given to Prussia

-w/ Tsar Paul still in power Baden does not get big

-rulers Tuscany gets Salzburg (raised to electorate)

-Austria gets Passau, Regensburg, the greater part of Freising, and the lands of the Abbot of Berchtesgaden

-Bavaria gets Breisgau, the Vorarlberg, and other fragments on right bank of the rhine, and also ansbach and bayreuth, loses Berg to house of Zweibrucken

-Prussia loses lands in south and across Rhine, rest of cleves, and east frisia (goes to batavian rep), but gets Mecklenburgs, Hildesheim and Paderborn, and land in Westphalian district

-two hesses and wurttemberg strengthened, and they, "mecklenburg", and salzburg get electoral dignity

-Revolutionary Italy after war - in loose Italian Union (literally just a congress of independent states)

-Subalpine Republic consisting of Piedmont

-Ligurian Republic consisting of Genoa

-Etrurian Republic consisting of Tuscany

-Cispadane Republic consisting of Modena and a few small states

-Transpadane Republic consisting of Milan, Mantua, and Venice west of Adige

-State of Lucca consisting of Lucca

-War of ----'s Fleet (1821-7)

-War of the Parthenopean Revolution (1824-32)

-Prewar: Bavaria falls out of France's orbit following death of elector, France sees internal stability as police falls apart following death of Fouche, Governor of Saint-Domingue

-1821: French fleet attempting to "restore order" in Saint-Domingue intercepted and destroyed by British who fear it'll be used against its colonies, resulting in war

-1822: British occupation of French colonies, French attempt to invade Ireland defeated, Dessalines declares independence of Haiti from France

-1824: Carbonari in Naples rebel, France and Italy intervene, resulting in general European war

-1825: Rising in Venetian Republic, French army crosses the Rhine, Prussia declares war on France's side, Russia intervenes and Alexander I invades Prussia and declares himself King of Poland, Baden sees a revolution; Franco-Spanish fleet attacks Minorca; Franco-Italian fleet occupies Malta, causing impact across Europe

-1826: Alexander I dies and Russia sees interregnum, resulting in French army retreating; Franco-Italian troops sweep into Venetian territories fighting skirmishes with Ottoman warlords and annexing Ragusa; French troops cross into Baden in name of republicans; King of Two Sicilies forced to flee into Sicily

-1827: UK sees Popular Revolution (Heads of British Isles > 1822-1827 Robert Stewart, Marquess of Londonderry (Tory)) and flight of king to Hanover & armistice ends war with France with status quo ante

-1828: Hanover rallies against Prussia and fights on side of Austria, throwing Prussian advance back a great deal and allowing Austria to send troops towards Italy, resulting in Prussian authorities backtracking, Baden occupied by Austrians, Rome is alight in revolution and Pope flees to Sardinia; treaty ends Franco-British war with status quo ante

-1829: Austrian troops invade Dalmatia and Venice and stopped at someplace, Hanoverian-Austrian advance continues; Spain drops out of war and concedes Minorca

-1830: Prussia sues for peace, Austrian and other German troops redirected

-1831: Austrian-German troops attack Italy and France, deflected mostly but Austrian fleet invades Rome and occupies Latium

-1832: Peace between France and Austria

-Germany

-Helvetia gets Vorarlberg

-Bavaria gets Baden

-Prussian extra-contiguous territories divided up b/w Austria's allies

-Neuchatel to France

-Electorate of Salzburg moved up to former Prussian territories, state annexed into Austria

-Revolutionary Italy after war - made closer

-Subalpine Republic consisting of Piedmont

-Ligurian Republic consisting of Genoa

-Etrurian Republic consisting of Tuscany

-Cispadane Republic consisting of Parma, Modena and a few small states

-Transpadane Republic consisting of Milan, Mantua, and Venice west of Adige

-State of Lucca consisting of Lucca

-Parthenopean Republic consisting of Naples

-Melitean Republic consisting of Malta

-Transbenacian Republic consisting of Venice

-Istrian Republic consisting of former Venetian Istria

-Dalmatian Republic consisting of Venetian Dalmatia

-Republic of Ragusa

-Ascruvian Republic consisting of former Venetian Albania

-Bononian Republic consisting of Papal States except Latium

-Ichnusan Republic consisting of Sardinia

-Heptanesian Republic consisting of Ionian Islands

-Schleswig Crisis (1847)

-Roman Revolution (1848)

-1847: Christian VIII of Denmark dies, having no issue the Duke of Augustenburg takes power, and the Duke of Oldenburg issues claim over Schleswig-Holstein backed by Austria, resulting in war

-1848: Masonic cell in Rome rebels and declares republic, takes over city, Pope flees to Spain, French ships blockade Germany broadly

-1849: Croatian army invades Dalmatia and Istria, Italian Navy invades Sardinia and Sicily

-1850: Italian attack on Croats in Dalmatia and Istria deflected, Sweden declares war against Denmark to gain Norway

-1851: Italy successfully occupies Dalmatia and Istria, Swedish invasion of Danish Norway stopped midway

-1852: Sweden gets revolution and coalition of radicals and moderates form republic on British model, Austria signs separate peace with Italy recognizing its borders, albeit not the fall of the Papacy, freeing trade in Med

-1853: Austrian troops push Prussians out of Hanover, march on Schleswig-Holstein, French counterattack from the Rhine halted, Norway breaks away and becomes a British-style republic

-1854: Final peace between France, Batavian Republic, Denmark, and Prussia vs. Austria

-Germany

-Oldenburg gets Schleswig-Holstein

-Prussia loses panhandle

-German customs unions united, German Zollverein to include most German states (except Prussia and the north-west)

-Holy Roman Empire gets a navy

-Revolutionary Italy after war - declared the United States of Italy (1854)

-Subalpine Republic consisting of Piedmont

-Ligurian Republic consisting of Genoa

-Etrurian Republic consisting of Tuscany

-Cispadane Republic consisting of Parma, Modena and a few small states

-Transpadane Republic consisting of Milan, Mantua, and Venice west of Adige

-State of Lucca consisting of Lucca

-Parthenopean Republic consisting of Naples

-Trinacrian Republic consisting of Sicily

-Melitean Republic consisting of Malta

-Transbenacian Republic consisting of Venice

-Istrian Republic consisting of former Venetian Istria

-Dalmatian Republic consisting of Venetian Dalmatia

-Republic of Ragusa

-Ascruvian Republic consisting of former Venetian Albania

-Bononian Republic consisting of Papal States except Latium

-Ichnusan Republic consisting of Sardinia

-Roman Republic consisting of Latium

-Rhenish Revolt (1880)

-German Unification War (1880-4)

-1880: Massive Germanist-tinted labor strikes in the Rhine-Ruhr (much more on German side), French troops storm in to suppress them with support from local states, Habsburgs view this as intrusion, declares war, Dutch and Italians refuse to join in

-1881: Prussia declares war on side of the French, results in controversy at home; Prussian troops invade Bohemia; French troops sweep further into Westphalia with support of their local monarchs to suppress revolts and beginning of trench warfare

-1882: Russia declares war on France; Russian invasion of Prussian Poland & Germans push Prussians out of Bohemia; French invasion of Oldenburg ends up with brutal trench warfare; Russian troops get to western front

-1883: Prussia sues for peace with Russia with minimal border adjustments; monarch of Westphalia abdicates following popular backlash & his son is anti-French; French troops fall vastly back in its wake

-1884: Treaty of London between France and Germany, end of war

-Germany

-Prussia, Jever removed from Holy Roman Empire

-Holy Roman Empire centralized with arms orgs

-French influence removed from Germany, with exception of Rhine organization

-Customs Union expanded across Germany

-way opened to making Germany centralized

-Hungarian War of Independence (1890-5)

-Rhenish Border War (1891-5)

-1890: Hungarian republicans declare independence (Heads of Germany > *1890-1891 Interregnum*)

-1891: France declares war on Germany in the name of defending the Hungarian people; Russia declares war and invades Hungary in name of Habsburgs

-1892:

-1893: China declares war on Russia (Russia's Wars > Russo-Chinese War (1893-9)), Russia immediately sues with France and Hungary for peace

-1894:

-1895: Germany comes to peace

-Hungary

-becomes independent as a quasi-federal republic

-Burgenland (incl Pressburg) being part of Germany confirmed

-Croatian War of Independence (1937-41)

-Slovene War of Independence (1938-41)

-1937: Croatian Sabor issues a unilateral declaration of independence and deposes Habsburg, newly elected Ban gathers troops and attacks Habsburg-loyal units; France declares support and declares war

-1938: Slovene radicals issue declaration of independence in country claiming Carniola, rest of Austrian Goritz, and also get arms from France; German bombers attack French targets; Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen occupied by Germany preemptively; Prussia declares war

-1939:

-1940:

-1941:

-Slovenia

-independence of Slovene areas as republic

-Croatia

-Croatia-Slavonia independent as kingdom under regency

-Trieste and Fiume get independence as free cities secured under treaty

-Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen occupied by Germany

-annexed into Thurn-und-Taxis (raised to principality)